Community Service Persuasive Essay - 1261 Words

What comes to your mind when you hear the word community? Does it excite you or does it make you cringe? One important question we should be asking in today’s society is whether community service is an opportunity to unite and help others or is it something we avoid for our selfish means? Society today illuminates the self and is primarily centered only on oneself. Thus, volunteering for the sake of helping others does is rare, unless it has personal benefits. People were once united and helped one another, but today the central focus has shifted from the community to oneself. People are only concerned about their life and future. Nowadays everyone is busy attempting to find their own lifestyle, in which they can succeed. In this path of†¦show more content†¦I had initially believed that these community hours were going to make me look better among other students applying. However, after working at the MCC for over two months, I recognized that my intentions were wro ng and selfish. I became aware of this because as I grew personal attachments with the kids that I was tutoring. Once I was became familiar with the kids, I was able to see how underprivileged they actually were. For example, I had found out that some of the families could barely even afford a meal a day. This fact changed my whole mindset because I decided that I was no longer going to do this community service for college and, instead, was going to do it for these kids. It is one thing to have a cousin who is starving than to have a stranger who is hungry and needs food. We tend to help those who we are well acquainted with, such as family or close friends. When we help family members or close friends, we dont get to fully understand the concept of helping someone. This is because the concept of helping others is to not only help those who are close to you, but help those whom you may not know. This can be achieved several different ways. One way is to travel to another country and help different children and families that are in desperate need of assistance. In most cases, when someone goes to another country to do community service for the underprivileged, a bond isShow MoreRelated3 Inherited Behaviors Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesEssay on Three inherited Behaviors of E-tailing Communication 470 Michael Zarvos September, 5, 2012 By: Aisha Syed E-commerce or Electronic Commerce has become a part of our everyday lives. The growth of World Wide Web is growing, more and more each day. Businesses practicallyRead MoreWhy I Learned For Writing An Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesI learned a very broad variety of English skills in my English 101 class. From the time of doing research before writing an essay, I wrote from the reader’s perspective, considering first what the reader would benefit from hearing. 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Fact Sheet on Effects of Marijuana on the Body Free Essays

MEMORY/PERCEPTION/BEHAVIOR 1. Attention, memory and learning are impaired among heavy marijuana users, even after users discontinued its use for at least 24 hours. Heavy marijuana use is associated with residual neuropsychological effects even after a day of supervised abstinence from the drug. We will write a custom essay sample on Fact Sheet on Effects of Marijuana on the Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now Heavy users displayed significantly greater impairment than light users on attention/executive functions, as evidenced particularly by greater preservations on card sorting and reduced learning of word lists. These differences remained after controlling for potential confounding variables, such as estimated levels of premorbid cognitive functioning, and for use of alcohol and other substances in the two groups. However, the question remains open as to whether this impairment is due to a residue of drug in the brain, a withdrawal effect from the drug, or a frank neurotoxic effect of the drug. (â€Å"The Residual Cognitive Effects of Heavy Marijuana Use in College Students,† Pope, HG Jr. , Yurgelun-Todd, D. , Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, JAMA February 21, 1996. 2. Impaired memory for recent events, difficulty concentrating, dreamlike states, impaired motor coordination, impaired driving and other psychomotor skills, slowed reaction time, impaired goal-directed mental activity, and altered peripheral vision are common associated effects. (Adams and Martin 1996; Fehr and Kalant 1983; Hollister 1988a; Institute of Medicine 1982; Tart 1971) 3. A roadsid e study of reckless drivers who were not impaired by alcohol, showed that 45% of these drivers tested positive for marijuana. Dr. Dan Brookoff, published in the New England Journal of Medicine) 4. Marijuana smoking affects the brain and leads to impaired short-term memory, perception, judgment and motor skills. (Marijuana Facts: Parents Need to Know, National Institute on Drug Abuse ) 5. In a survey of 150 marijuana using students, 59% surveyed report they sometimes forget what a conversation is about before it has ended. 41% report if they read while stoned they remembered less of what they had read hours later. (Dr. Richard Schwartz, Vienna Pediatric Associates in Psychiatric Annals as reported in NIDA Capsules) NEUROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 6. Marijuana activates the same pleasure centers in the brain that are targeted by heroin, cocaine and alcohol. (Dr. Gaetano Di Chiara, University of Caligari, Italy) CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS 7. Physiological effects of marijuana include an alteration of heart rate. Use of marijuana may result in intense anxiety, panic attacks or paranoia. (National Institute of Drug Abuse) CHRONIC EFFECTS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EFFECTS . The daily use of 1 to 3 marijuana joints appears to produce approximately the same lung damage and potential cancer risk as smoking 5 times as many cigarettes. (UCLA) The study results suggest that the way smokers inhale marijuana, in addition to its chemical composition, increases the adverse physical effects. The same lung cancer risks associated with tobacco also apply to marijuana users, even though they smoke far less. (reported in NIDA Capsules) 9. Benzopyrene is the chemical in tobacco that causes lung cancer. An average marijuana cigarette contains nearly 50% more benzopyrene than a tobacco cigarette. An average marijuana cigarette contains 30 nanograms of this carcinogen compared to 21 nanograms in an average tobacco cigarette (Marijuana and Health, National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine Report, 1982) Benzopyrene suppresses a gene that controls growth of cells. When this gene is damaged the body becomes more susceptible to cancer. This gene is related to half of all human cancers and as many as 70% of lung cancers. 10. Marijuana users may have many of the same respiratory problems that tobacco smokers have, such as chronic bronchitis and inflamed sinuses. (Marijuana Facts: Parents Need to Know, National Institute on Drug Abuse ) 11. Marijuana smokers, when compared to non marijuana smokers, have more respiratory illness. (Polen et al. 1993). 12. Marijuana smoke produces airway injury, acute and chronic bronchitis, lung inflammation, and decreased pulmonary defenses against infection. Smoking one marijuana cigarette leads to air deposition of four times as much cancer-causing tar as does tobacco smoke (Dr. D. Tashkin, Western Journal of Medicine) ENDOCRINE SYSTEM EFFECTS 13. Heavy marijuana use can affect hormones in both males and females. Heavy doses of the drugs may delay the onset of puberty in young men. Marijuana also can have adverse effects on sperm production. Among women, regular marijuana use can disrupt the normal monthly menstrual cycle and inhibit the discharge of eggs from the ovaries. (Marijuana Facts: Parents Need to know, National Institute on Drug Abuse) ADVERSE MENTAL EFFECTS 14. An â€Å"amotivational syndrome† can develop in heavy, chronic marijuana users. It is characterized by decreased drive and ambition, shortened attention span, poor judgment, high distractibility, impaired communication skills, and diminished effectiveness in interpersonal situations. (National Institute of Drug Abuse) 15. Adults who smoked marijuana daily believed it helped them function better, improved self-awareness and improved relationships with others. However, researchers found that users were more willing to tolerate problems, suggesting that the drug served as a buffer for those who would rather avoid confronting problems than make changes that might increase their satisfaction with life. The study indicated that these subjects used marijuana to avoid dealing with their difficulties and the avoidance inevitably made their problems worse. Although users believed the drug enhanced understanding of themselves, it actually served as a barrier against self-awareness. (case studies by research team from Center for Psychosocial Studies in New York. ) IMMUNE SYSTEM EFFECTS 16. Marijuana and some of its compounds influence the immune system and affect the body’s ability to resist viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa, and decreases the body’s anti tumor activities. Marijuana has the potential to alter the backup safeguards of the immune system because it affects diverse types of cells in the body. This could compromise the immune system’s ability to screen out cancer cells and eliminate infection. (Dr. Guy A. Cabral, Professor, Medical College of Virginia, speaking at NlDA’s National Conference on Marijuana Use: Prevention, Treatment and Research. ) Limitations of Marijuana Research â€Å"Unfortunately, much of what is known about the human pharmacology of smoked marijuana comes from experiments with plant material containing about 2% THC or less, or occasionally up to 4% THC. In addition, human experiments typically are done in laboratory settings where only one or two smoked doses were administered to relatively young, medically screened, healthy male volunteers well experienced with the effects of marijuana. Females rarely participated in past marijuana research because of prohibitions (now removed) against their inclusion. Thus the clinical pharmacology of single or repeated smoked marijuana doses given to older people or to people with serious diseases has hardly been researched at all in a controlled laboratory or clinic setting. Some of the very few reports of experiments that have included older or sicker people, particularly patients less experienced in using marijuana suggest the profile of adverse effects may differ from healthy student volunteers smoking in a laboratory experiment (Hollister, 1986a, 1988a) THC administered alone in its pure form is the most thoroughly research cannabinoid. Much of what has been written has been inferred from the results of experiments using only pure THC. Generally, in experiments actually using marijuana, the assumed dose of marijuana was based only on the concentration of THC in the plant material. The amounts of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids in the plant also vary so that pharmacological interactions modifying the effects THC may occur when marijuana is used instead of pure THC. The result of this research strategy is that a good deal is known about the pharmacology of THC, but experimental confirmation that the pharmacology of a marijuana cigarette is indeed entirely or mainly determined by the amount of THC it contains remains to be completed. The scientific literature contains occasional hints that the pharmacology of pure THC, although similar, is not always the same as the clinical pharmacology of smoked marijuana containing the same amount of THC (Graham 1976, Harvey 1985, Institute of Medicine 1982)† (Report to the Director, National Institutes of Health, by the Ad-Hoc Group of Experts, â€Å"Workshop on the Medical Utility of Marijuana. â€Å") How to cite Fact Sheet on Effects of Marijuana on the Body, Essay examples

Comparison of International and Domestic Tertiary

Question: Discuss about the Comparison of International and Domestic Tertiary. Answer: Introduction: College and university level of education lets a student enhance their professional as well as educational degree(Forbes-Mewett H. M., 2009). Recognized universities as well as colleges often receive applications from same country applicants as well as applications from international students. The scope of this recent study is to analyze the scope of differences amongst national and international students as against their medical, travelling and educational expenses incurred. The current literature review identifies articles and journals with respect to such expenses to analyze the gaps prevailing in them. Primarily focus of the study revolves around medical students who study in their domestic country as against international students. Colleges fix such costs for domestic students that encompass costs for their programs however in regards to international students colleges, often charge high costs. Such costs have been found to be directed towards research that enhances university r ankings in order to attract more international students(Bruno, 2015). Medical costs greatly vary amongst domestic and international students which gives rise to their fees difference. Katy Hopkins in her article figured the high costs charged by universities for international students. Further, Kelly Mae Ross identifies that universities charge significantly high fees for international students such that they can significantly cover insurance as well as health related risks of such students. While cost of studying medicine in Europe is considerably high, but in Australia they were higher to about 20% for international students. Due to such high prevailing fees due to medical costs students often consider studying in their home country rather than abroad considering the nature of tuition fees coupled with other costs. Lange identifies high rate of national health insurance that pulls up the associated costs of fees to almost 30% of total fees. Along with the health insurance costs, f oreign students also need to pay for additional accommodation costs(Cutler, 2011). But medical costs is significantly large when compared to other costs for the purpose of international education. Accommodation costs for domestic students are substantially low as they either have their residence and due to their subsidized tuition fees, which is comparably high for international students. Even sponsored programs in international countries do not offer prolonged support in the academic period. International students hence need to search for support and other activities to cover up for their living costs and medical cost. There is a high prevalence of diseases and fatigue amongst international students as well which pushes medical costs further up. Australia is the most expensive destination for medical students which accounts up to $ 38,000 on an annual basis. Research training schemes often cover tuition fees for domestic students on the other hand international students need to pay in full, which is not lucrative given the current disparities in costs(Khawaja, 2008). There is a prevalence of sheer disparity especially amongst domestic and international students, especially in their medical costs. Some researcher argue that the high tuition costs for international students is primarily due to the high risk factors in providing insurance and covering them. Fees in Australia are significantly higher in Australia as compared to that of UK, Canada, USA and other international preferred destinations for studying. Further it has been found that withdrawal fees or delay in payment of tuition fees is charged at higher rates to international as compared to domestic students(Forbes-Mewett H. ., 2008). There are several impacts associated with high fees charged from international students. Disparities created amongst international and domestic students, by supporting domestic students with several aids. International students have often been found to have high levels of depressions, associated from such high stress and pressures to meet such costs. Often students need to work for long hours to support such fees which results in ill-health amongst immigrating students. Though not prevalent amongst German, USA students but such high levels of depressions is prevalent amongst Turkish, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Indian and students from less developed countries. In order to attain the findings and analysis for the study the following research questions needs to be attended to; Research Question : What is the difference in medical cost between domestic and international students? Research Question 1: What are the underlying factors that help ascertain medical costs for students? Research Question 2: Why do medical costs differ for domestic and international students? Research Question 3: What are the relevant components of medical costs charged to international students? Research Question 4: What is the percentage of medical insurance costs used by international students as against domestic students? Reference List Bruno, D. M. (2015). A Global Health Elective for US Medical Students: The 35 Year Experience of the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health. . Journal of community health, 187-198. Cutler, D. M. (2011). The (paper) work of medicine: understanding international medical costs. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3-25. Forbes-Mewett, H. . (2008). Cultural diversity, relocation, and the security of international students at an internationalised university. . Journal of Studies in International Education. Forbes-Mewett, H. M. (2009). Australian university international student finances. Higher Education Policy, 141-161. Khawaja, N. G. (2008). A Comparison of International and Domestic Tertiary Students in Australia. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 30-46.